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Current Topic: Technology

Mobile Communication and Society
Topic: Technology 11:17 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

Manuel Castells has a new book on the way.

Wireless networks are the fastest growing communications technology in history. Are mobile phones expressions of identity, fashionable gadgets, tools for life--or all of the above? Mobile Communication and Society looks at how the possibility of multimodal communication from anywhere to anywhere at any time affects everyday life at home, at work, and at school, and raises broader concerns about politics and culture both global and local.

Drawing on data gathered from around the world, the authors explore who has access to wireless technology, and why, and analyze the patterns of social differentiation seen in unequal access. They explore the social effects of wireless communication--what it means for family life, for example, when everyone is constantly in touch, or for the idea of an office when workers can work anywhere. Is the technological ability to multitask further compressing time in our already hurried existence?

The authors consider the rise of a mobile youth culture based on peer-to-peer networks, with its own language of texting, and its own values. They examine the phenomenon of flash mobs, and the possible political implications. And they look at the relationship between communication and development and the possibility that developing countries could "leapfrog" directly to wireless and satellite technology. This sweeping book--moving easily in its analysis from the United States to China, from Europe to Latin America and Africa--answers the key questions about our transformation into a mobile network society.

Manuel Castells is Professor of Communication and the Wallis Annenberg Chair in Communication Technology and Society at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California, as well as Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Planning at the University of California, Berkeley, Research Professor at the Open University of Catalonia, and Marvin and Joanne Grossman Distinguished Visiting Professor of Technology and Society at MIT. He is the author of, among other books, the three-volume work The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture. Jack Linchuan Qiu is Assistant Professor in the School of Journalism and Communication at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and cofounder of the China Internet Research Network. Mireia Fern�ndez-Ard�vol is a Researcher at the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Open University of Catalonia, and a Lecturer in Econometrics at the Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Barcelona. Araba Sey is a doctoral candidate at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California.

Mobile Communication and Society


Ships and Science
Topic: Technology 11:17 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

"Naval architecture was born in the mountains of Peru, in the mind of a French astronomer named Pierre Bouguer who never built a ship in his life." So writes Larrie Ferreiro at the beginning of this pioneering work on the science of naval architecture. Bouguer's monumental book Trait� du navire (Treatise of the Ship) founded a discipline that defined not the rules for building a ship but the theories and tools to predict a ship's characteristics and performance before it was built. In Ships and Science, Ferreiro argues that the birth of naval architecture formed an integral part of the Scientific Revolution. Using Bouguer's work as a cornerstone, Ferreiro traces the development of this new discipline and describes its practical application to ship design in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Drawing on previously untapped primary-source and archival information, he places the development of naval architecture in the contexts of science, navy, and society, across the major shipbuilding nations of Britain, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, and Italy.

Ferreiro describes the formulation of the three major elements of ship theory (the science of explaining the physical behavior of a ship): maneuvering and sail theory, ship resistance and hydrodynamics, and stability theory. He considers the era's influential books on naval architecture and describes the professionalization of ship constructors that is the true legacy of this period. Finally, looking from the viewpoints of both the constructor and the naval administrator, he explains why the development of ship theory was encouraged, financed, and used in naval shipbuilding. A generous selection of rarely seen archival images accompanies the text.

Ships and Science


Space Security
Topic: Technology 11:16 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

The increasing use of satellites for vital communication services, environmental monitoring, navigation, weather prediction, and scientific research is mirrored by the development of military capabilities in space that go far beyond the traditional intelligence and early warning missions of the Cold War period. Protecting and enhancing U.S. military capability in space has emerged as an important focus of military planning, with recent official documents proposing various anti-satellite and space-based weapons. Serious public discussion of military space plans has not yet occurred in the United States, although important questions of policy, planning, and budgeting loom. The development of space affects a range of government, commercial, and scientific interests around the world, but U.S. leaders have yet to propose a policy framework that adequately balances these different forces.

Space Security examines the implications of U.S. space policy and planning. It considers the physical constraints on securing objects in space, the interaction of military, scientific, and commercial activities in space, Chinese and Russian perspectives on U.S. space plans, and the possible elements of a more comprehensive space security system.

Contributors:
Steve Fetter, Nancy Gallagher, Laura Grego, Lisbeth Gronlund, Jeffrey Lewis, Martin Malin, David Mosher, Xavier Pasco, Pavel Podvig, John Steinbruner, David Wright, Hui Zhang

Space Security


Evolution and Structure of the Internet
Topic: Technology 11:16 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

This book describes the application of statistical physics and complex systems theory to the study of the evolution and structure of the internet. Using a statistical physics approach the internet is viewed as a growing system that evolves in time through the addition and removal of nodes and links. This perspective permits us to outline the dynamical theory required for a description of the macroscopic evolution of the internet. The presence of such a theoretical framework appears to be a revolutionary and promising path towards our understanding of the internet and the various processes taking place on this network, including, for example, the spread of computer viruses or resilience to random or intentional damages. This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in statistical physics, computer science and mathematics studying in this subject.

Evolution and Structure of the Internet


Information Theory, Inference and Learning Algorithms
Topic: Technology 11:16 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

Information theory and inference, taught together in this exciting textbook, lie at the heart of many important areas of modern technology - communication, signal processing, data mining, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational neuroscience, bioinformatics and cryptography. The book introduces theory in tandem with applications. Information theory is taught alongside practical communication systems such as arithmetic coding for data compression and sparse-graph codes for error-correction. Inference techniques, including message-passing algorithms, Monte Carlo methods and variational approximations, are developed alongside applications to clustering, convolutional codes, independent component analysis, and neural networks. Uniquely, the book covers state-of-the-art error-correcting codes, including low-density-parity-check codes, turbo codes, and digital fountain codes - the twenty-first-century standards for satellite communications, disk drives, and data broadcast. Richly illustrated, filled with worked examples and over 400 exercises, some with detailed solutions, the book is ideal for self-learning, and for undergraduate or graduate courses. It also provides an unparalleled entry point for professionals in areas as diverse as computational biology, financial engineering and machine learning.

Information Theory, Inference and Learning Algorithms


Advances in Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Topic: Technology 11:16 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

Since the appearance of the authors’ first volume on elliptic curve cryptography in 1999 there has been tremendous progress in the field. In some topics, particularly point counting, the progress has been spectacular. Other topics such as the Weil and Tate pairings have been applied in new and important ways to cryptographic protocols that hold great promise. Notions such as provable security, side channel analysis and the Weil descent technique have also grown in importance. This second volume addresses these advances and brings the reader up to date. Prominent contributors to the research literature in these areas have provided articles that reflect the current state of these important topics. They are divided into the areas of protocols, implementation techniques, mathematical foundations and pairing based cryptography. Each of the topics is presented in an accessible, coherent and consistent manner for a wide audience that will include mathematicians, computer scientists and engineers.

Advances in Elliptic Curve Cryptography


Bookmark Now
Topic: Technology 11:16 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

An anthology of original essays from our most intriguing young writers, Bookmark Now boldly addresses the significance of the production of literature in the twenty-first century. Or simply, “How do we talk about writing and reading in an age where they both seem almost quaint?” The book features authors in their twenties and thirties—those raised when TV, video games, and then the Internet supplanted books as dominant cultural mediums—and their intent is to examine: (1) how this generation came to writing as a calling, (2) what they see as literature’s relevance when media consumption and competition have reached unprecedented levels, and (3) how writing and reading fit in with the rest of our rapid, multitasking world. The result will offer a voyeuristic peek into the private, creative lives of today’s writers and shed light on what their work means at a time when the book business is changing, yet—almost paradoxically—a time when storytelling as a means of both self-realization and community building (be it via e-mail, weblogs, or “This American Life”) seems more relevant than ever before. Edited by Kevin Smokler, a Bay Area entrepreneur who has devoted himself to fostering literary culture and cultivating fresh talent, Bookmark Now is a collection that both captures the state of the art and provides inspiration to aspiring writers at all levels.

Bookmark Now


Who Controls the Internet?
Topic: Technology 11:16 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

Gets good reviews from the Washington Post, Daniel Drezner, Larry Lessig, ...

Is the Internet erasing national borders? Will the future of the Net be set by Internet engineers, rogue programmers, the United Nations, or powerful countries? Who's really in control of what's happening on the Net?
In this provocative new book, Jack Goldsmith and Tim Wu tell the fascinating story of the Internet's challenge to governmental rule in the 1990s, and the ensuing battles with governments around the world. It's a book about the fate of one idea--that the Internet might liberate us forever from government, borders, and even our physical selves. We learn of Google's struggles with the French government and Yahoo's capitulation to the Chinese regime; of how the European Union sets privacy standards on the Net for the entire world; and of eBay's struggles with fraud and how it slowly learned to trust the FBI. In a decade of events the original vision is uprooted, as governments time and time again assert their power to direct the future of the Internet. The destiny of the Internet over the next decades, argue Goldsmith and Wu, will reflect the interests of powerful nations and the conflicts within and between them.
While acknowledging the many attractions of the earliest visions of the Internet, the authors describe the new order, and speaking to both its surprising virtues and unavoidable vices. Far from destroying the Internet, the experience of the last decade has lead to a quiet rediscovery of some of the oldest functions and justifications for territorial government. While territorial governments have unavoidable problems, it has proven hard to replace what legitimacy governments have, and harder yet to replace the system of rule of law that controls the unchecked evils of anarchy. While the Net will change some of the ways that territorial states govern, it will not diminish the oldest and most fundamental roles of government and challenges of governance.
Well written and filled with fascinating examples, including colorful portraits of many key players in Internet history, this is a work that is bound to stir heated debate in the cyberspace community.

Who Controls the Internet?


Made to Break : Technology and Obsolescence in America
Topic: Technology 11:15 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

From Publishers Weekly
The flip side of America's worship of novelty is its addiction to waste, a linkage illuminated in this fascinating historical study. Historian Slade surveys the development of disposability as a consumer convenience, design feature, economic stimulus and social problem, from General Motors' 1923 introduction of annual model changes that prodded consumers to trade in perfectly good cars for more stylish updates, to the modern cell-phone industry, where fashion-driven "psychological obsolescence" compounds warp-speed technological obsolescence to dramatically reduce product life-cycles. He also explores the debate over "planned obsolescence"-decried by social critics as an unethical affront to values of thrift and craftsmanship, but defended as a Darwinian spur to innovation by business intellectuals who further argued that "wearing things out does not produce prosperity, but buying things does." Slade's even-handed analysis acknowledges both manufacturers' manipulative marketing ploys and consumers' ingrained love of the new as motors of obsolescence, which he considers an inescapable feature of a society so focused on progress and change. His episodic treatment sometimes meanders into too-obscure byways, and his alarm at the prospect of thrown-away electronic gadgets overflowing landfills and poisoning the water supply seems overblown. But Slade's lively, insightful look at a pervasive aspect of America's economy and culture make this book a keeper.

Made to Break : Technology and Obsolescence in America


Broken Genius : The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age
Topic: Technology 11:15 am EST, Apr  1, 2006

When William Shockley invented the transistor, the world was changed forever and he was awarded the Nobel Prize. But today Shockley is often remembered only for his incendiary campaigning about race, intelligence, and genetics. His dubious research led him to donate to the Nobel Prize sperm bank and preach his inflammatory ideas widely, making shocking pronouncements on the uselessness of remedial education and the sterilization of individuals with IQs below 100. Ultimately his crusade destroyed his reputation and saw him vilified on national television, yet he died proclaiming his work on race as his greatest accomplishment. Now, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Joel N. Shurkin offers the first biography of this contradictory and controversial man. With unique access to the private Shockley archives, Shurkin gives an unflinching account of how such promise ended in such ignominy.

Broken Genius : The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age


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