Radical surgery is needed on NASA’s vision for space exploration of the Moon, Mars and beyond, according to a study released today by the Space Frontier Foundation—a space advocacy group based in Nyack, New York.

The assessment calls for immediate elimination of all work on the block 1 version of NASA’s Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and to delay the shuttle program-derived Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV)—a solid-rocket booster design now escalating in cost—while reconsidering the Atlas 5 and Delta 4 launchers.