Abstract: "Building on a richer conception of authentication than has been used to date, a statement of requirements is expressed for public key infrastructure (PKI) to support e-business. Inadequacies inherent in conventional PKI are underlined, providing important reasons for its continued low take-up rates. Alternative approaches to electronic authentication are evaluated against the requirements."

Contents:
* 1. Introduction
* 2. The New Model of Authentication
* 3. What Public Key Technologies Do, and Don't Do
* 4. Requirements of an Effective PKI
* 5. Conventional PKI
* 6. Alternative Approaches to PKI
* 7. Conclusions
* Appendix 1: Elements of a PKI to Support Digital Signatures
* References